How to Freeze Your Credit (US) and Why It Works
One of the strongest protections against identity theft in the United States is a credit freeze. It blocks most lenders from viewing your credit report, which makes it very hard for someone to open new credit in your name. This guide explains how it works. It focuses on the US system and is general information, not financial advice.
What a freeze does
When your file is frozen, lenders usually cannot access your credit report to approve a new application, so fraudulent applications are typically declined. It does not affect your existing accounts or your credit score.
Freeze versus fraud alert
| Credit freeze | Fraud alert | |
|---|---|---|
| Effect | Blocks access to your report | Asks lenders to verify identity |
| Cost | Free | Free |
| Duration | Until you lift it | Typically one year |
How to freeze
- Contact each of the three nationwide credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. Use their official websites.
- Verify your identity and create an account or PIN.
- Request the freeze. It is free by law.
- Save your login details in your password manager.
When you need credit
You can temporarily lift or “thaw” a freeze before applying for a loan, credit card or some rentals. Do it a day or so ahead and choose the bureau the lender will use.
Outside the US
Other countries have different systems. Check your national credit bureau or consumer protection agency for equivalent protections.
